The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.